Baku: City of the Winds
By Kathleen Pokrud
Azerbaijan, often referred to as the “Land of Fire”, is set at an important site on the Silk Road that connects the East and West. Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, serves as a commercial and cultural hub. The city is famed for its medieval walled city and now modern character constructed since regaining its independence in 1991.
I recently attended the 7th World Forum on Inter-Cultural Dialogue in Baku and took this opportunity to explore the ancient port city along the Caspian Sea. With the strong breezes felt along its coastline, it is sometimes referred to as the “City of the Winds”.
I began with the most famous attraction, the Old City (Icherisheher), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Surrounded by ancient stone walls, this historic area dates back to medieval times and serves as the cultural heart of the city. I wandered through narrow cobbled streets, explored traditional souvenir shops and admired centuries-old buildings and underground ruins. The most iconic architecture is the Maiden Tower, a mysterious structure that has become a symbol of Baku. Its origin remains uncertain with multiple legends. Nevertheless, the tower offers panoramic views of the city and the Caspian Sea.
The 7th World Forum on Inter-Cultural Dialogue was held at the Heydar Aliyev Center. It is a must-visit destination for those interested in modern architecture. Designed by the world-renowned architect Zaha Hadid, the building is celebrated for its flowing curves and futuristic design. The centre is the perfect venue for hosting exhibitions, cultural events and museum exhibits that highlight Azerbaijani art, history and innovation. Inside the foyer, many art displays are prominently showcased.
While the Maiden Towers represent the historic Baku, the Flame Towers represent the modern face of Baku. These three skyscrapers dominate the city's skyline and symbolise Azerbaijan’s historical connection to fire, which has been an important part of the country's identity for centuries. At night, the towers are illuminated with spectacular LED displays depicting flames, creating a stunning visual effect visible throughout the city.
The Marriott hotel where I stayed was not far from the popular Baku Boulevard, a scenic promenade stretching along the Caspian Sea. The area was established over a century ago in offering beautiful recreational areas, gardens and entertainment facilities.
While strolling along Baku Boulevard, the building that is shaped like a giant, rolled-up carpet on the Caspian Sea waterfront is the Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum. For visitors who have an interest in textiles, regional history or unique architecture, it is worth dropping by.
In contrast to historical pursuits, Baku has held the Azerbaijan Grand Prix since 2016. The city circuit perfectly captures the essence of Formula 1, delivering one of the fastest and toughest street races. In the ancient capital, electrifying Formula 1 competitive moments are woven like the intricate patterns of a national carpet.
Outside the city, a day trip for nature and history enthusiasts is “Yanar Dag”, or the Burning Mountain. This natural gas fire has been burning continuously for centuries, demonstrating Azerbaijan’s reputation as the “Land of Fire”. The Ateshgah Fire Temple offers a fascinating glimpse into the region’s religious and cultural history.
Many visitors will agree that Baku is a city of contrasts where ancient monuments coexist with cutting-edge architecture. While appreciating the historic charm of the Old City, the futuristic elegance of the Heydar Aliyev Center and the dazzling Flame Towers are impressive. Baku has left me a rich and memorable experience. The unique blend of history, culture and modernity makes it one of the most captivating new destinations in the world.
